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Assisted reproductive techniques for infertile couple

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The couple , who is unable to conceive naturally after one year of regular intercourse, is labelled as infertile. This couple seeks the help of infertility specialist.  Investigations are done in the couple to find out the reason of infertility . These investigations are targeted towards both male and female partners ( mentioned in my previous blog dated 9th February 2024 )After finding out the reason , reproductive specialist decides for the best treatment option for the couple, out of the available treatment modalities . Various treatment modalities available are - 1.Controlled ovarian hyper stimulation: The female partner is given medicines , starting from the 2nd/3rd day of menses to stimulate  the ovaries for the production of good quality eggs capable of giving pregnancy. The follicular growth is monitored with transvaginal sonography during controlled hyper stimulation and when egg/eggs are around the size of 18-20 mm , trigger with HCG or Decapeptyl is given. Timed int...

On Woman's day 2024 "inspire inclusion"

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 In the rich tapestry of India’s history, women have held revered positions, from swayamvaras to vital roles in yajnas and the celebration of nari Shakti. Despite this legacy, women’s status declined in later Vedic periods, worsened under Mughal and British rule and persists today due to entrenched patriarchy. The shackles of this dragging mindset are needed to be broken for inclusive growth and glorious future . With women constituting half of the population, their participation in economy, education, and politics remains disproportionately low . This inequity is rooted in longstanding discrimination, which often begins even before birth. India has declined on women political empowerment index by 13.5% points, with a decline of women participation in politics from 23.1% in 2019 to 9.1% in 2021. According to National Family Health Survey 5, 23.3% of girls still get married before the legal age. Rural jobs have shifted from women to men as gender roles dictate a position of submis...

Reasons for the infertility

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 If a couple of reproductive age group is unable to conceive after one year of regular intercourse , this couple is labelled as infertile . Both male and female partners are found equally responsible for the infertility.  To conceive naturally, female partner should have atleast one patent functional tube, should have regular ovulation and normal receptive endometrial cavity and male partner should have normal semen parameters with no ejaculation defects .  Whenever the couple visits any infertility specialist , investigations are started after one year of marriage normally , but earlier ie after 6 months , if the age of the female partner is more than 35 years.  Investigations which are normally done - 1.Routine investigations which includes hemogram, RBS,ESR, LFT, RFT , Viral markers both male and female partners 2. Hormonal profile :TFT, S.Prolactin, FSH, LH, AMH etc (as indicated) in female partner and in male if semen parameters abnormal 3.USG pelvis transvag...

Be cancer wise

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 Cancer means development of abnormal cells that divide uncontrollably and have the ability to infiltrate and destroy normal body tissue. Cancer is the second-leading cause of death across the world.  Some of the general signs and symptoms associated with, but not specific to, cancer, include: -Fatigue -Lump or area of thickening that can be felt under the skin -Weight changes, including unintended loss or gain -Skin changes, such as yellowing, darkening or redness of the skin, sores that won't heal, or changes to existing moles -Changes in bowel or bladder habits -Persistent cough or trouble breathing -Difficulty swallowing -Hoarseness -Persistent indigestion or or discomfort after eating -Persistent, unexplained muscle or joint pain -Persistent, unexplained fevers or night sweats -Unexplained bleeding or bruising There is no conclusive reason why people get cancer.  As per the data collected from various researches, some of the most frequent factors that raise the ris...

Personal Hygiene Tips for females of reproductive age group:

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 • Take a bath or shower every day to keep skin clean. • Brush your teeth twice a day. Good oral health is essential. • Wash your hands with soap and water frequently, specially before meals . • Wash the outer genital area daily with mild soap and water while taking bath . A common practice of washing genitalia after every urination, leads to frequent urinary or vaginal infections as repeated washing changes the vaginal pH making it prone for infections . • Do not use vaginal deodorant sprays or deodorant tampons. They irritate the vagina, causing mucosal damage  ; which makes it easier for germs to grow inside the vagina . • Wash your hands before and after changing your pad or tampon. • Change your sanitary pad or tampon at least every four hours. Change more often if your flow is heavy. • NEVER wear a tampon for more than four hours. It is best to wear a pad at night. • When using a menstrual cup, try to take it out every 4-6 hours to empty it, wash and dry it.  Do not...

Let's know about Cervical cancer

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 Every 47 minutes, one female is diagnosed with the cancer of the mouth of uterus. This cancer presents with excessive vaginal discharge, sometimes foul smelling , even pus or blood stained and abnormal intermenstrual or post coital bleeding . If diagnosed well in time, long term morbidity and mortality can be avoided.  Risk factors for getting cervical cancer: 1. Sex at an early age 2. Multiple sex partners 3. Multiple pregnancies 4. Poor sexual and menstrual hygiene  5. Prolonged use of oral contraceptive pills 6. Tobacco/ Alcohol abuse 7. Recurrent vaginal infections 8. Low immunity 9. Low socioeconomic status 10. Family history positive for cancers 11. Obesity   Cervical cancer, a global issue with 604,000 new cases annually, primarily linked to HPV infection, particularly strains 16 & 18, resulting in a 9.1% mortality rate. Low-income countries, including India, bear a significant burden, with Mizoram and Papumpare district showing alarming mortality r...

Self breast examination

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 Self breast examination is the easiest and fastest way to detect any breast lump . A breast lump , however small it may be , can be cancerous . If  detected early, long term morbidities and mortality can be avoided. Self breast examination ( SBE) is the best method to detect any mass at the earliest . SBE is normally done after the menses in the females of reproductive age group or on a fixed date of every month in post menopausal females .  Steps of self breast examination - 1. Stand in front of a mirror with breasts exposed ( removing the bra and the top) and with the hands pressed on both the sides of the waist. Now look at the shape of the breasts and also the level of nipples in the mirror. Both breast should give the look of same size and shape. Also the nipples should be at the same level . Now raise the arms slowly over your head. Breast should rise up with the moving arms. Now bend forward to see that breasts fall out. Any restriction should be noted . Note: you...